13.060.45 (Examination of water in general) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D6301-13 选择生产用水中悬浮固体和离子固体即时综合样品的标准实施规程

5.1 The transport of any suspended solids or corrosion products from the preboiler cycle has been shown to be detrimental to all types of steam generating equipment. Corrosion product transport as low as 10 ppb can have significant impact on steam generators performance. 5.2 Deposited corrosion products on PWR steam generator tubes can reduce heat transfer, and, if the deposit is sufficiently thick, can provide a local area for impurities in the bulk water to concentrate, resulting in a corrosive environment. In BWR plants, the transport of corrosion products can cause fuel failure, out of core radiation problems from activation reactions, and other material related problems. 5.3 In fossil plants, the transport of corrosion products can reduce heat transfer in the boilers leading to tube failures from overheating. The removal of these corrosion products by chemical cleaning is expensive and potentially harmful to the boiler tubes. 5.4 Normally, grab samples are not sensitive enough to detect changes in the level of corrosion product transport. Also, system transients may be missed by only taking grab samples. An integrated sample over time will increase the sensitivity for detecting the corrosion products and provide a better understanding of the total corrosion product transport to steam generators. 1.1 This practice is applicable for sampling condensed steam or water, such as boiler feedwater, for the collection of suspended solids and (optional) ionic solids using a 0.45-μm membrane filter (suspended solids) and ion exchange media (ionic solids). As the major suspended component found in most boiler feedwaters is some form of corrosion product from the preboiler system, the device used for this practice is commonly called a corrosion product sampler. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Collection of On-Line Composite Samples of Suspended Solids and Ionic Solids in Process Water

ASTM D7315-12 静态模式下测定混浊度大于1浊度单位 (TU) 的标准试验方法

Turbidity at the levels defined in the scope of this test method are often monitored to help control processes, monitor the health and biology of water environments and determine the impact of changes in response to environmental events (weather events, floods, etc.). Turbidity is often undesirable in drinking water, plant effluent waters, water for food and beverage processing, and for a large number of other water-dependent manufacturing processes. Removal is often accomplished by coagulation, sedimentation, and various levels of filtration. Measurement of turbidity provides an indicator of contamination, and is a vital measurement for monitoring the characteristics and or quality within the sample’s source or process. This test method does overlap Test Method D6855 for the range of 1–5 TU. If the predominant measurement falls below 1.0 TU with occasional spikes above this value, Test Method D6855 may be more applicable. For measurements that are consistently above 1 TU, this test method is applicable. This test method is suitable to turbidity such as that found in all waters that measure above 1 NTU. Examples include environmental waters (streams, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, estuaries), processes associated with water pollution control plants (wastewater treatment plants), and various industrial processes involving water with noticeable turbidity. For measurement of cleaner waters, refer to Test Method D6855. The appropriate measurement range for a specific technology or instrument type that should be utilized is at or below 80 % of full-scale capability for the respective instrument or technology. Measurements above this level may not be dependable. Dilutions of waters are not recommended, especially in the case of samples with rapidly settling particles (that is, sediments). It is recommended that an appropriate instrument design that covers the expected range be selected to avoid the need to perform dilutions. Technologies described in this standard may not measure all aspects (absorption and scatter) of a sample. Some of the properties of the water, the suspended material, or both may interfere with the certain measured property of the sample, such as the scattering of light that the particular instrument is measuring. Several different technologies are available for use in the measurement of high-level turbidity. Some technologies may be better suited for specific types of samples, depending on the application and measurement criteria. Please refer to Table 1 and Appendix X1 which is a flow chart to help assist in selecting the best technology for the specific application. When measuring high levels of turbidity the samples will often contain significant interferences such as that from absorbing particles, absorbance in the matrix, and rapidly settling particles. These may have a significant impact on how one measurement technology responds to changes in turbidity. Often times it will be prudent to run a series of linear dilutions to determine if the measured response was expected relative to the dilution. In cases where the response to dilution ratio is linear, the technology may be adequately accounting for the interferences. If the response is not expected, another technology should be considered to determine if a more accurate measurement could be obtained. When reporting the measured result, appropriate units should also be attached. The units are reflective of the technology used to generate the measurements. The intention is to provide traceability for the technology used to generate the measured result, and if ........

Standard Test Method for Determination of Turbidity Above 1 Turbidity Unit (TU) in Static Mode

ASTM D3856-11 进行水分析的实验室中管理系统标准指南

Data on the composition and characteristics of water are frequently used to evaluate the health and safety to humans and the environment. Moreover, such data are frequently used for process control or to ascertain compliance with regulatory statutes that place limits on acceptable compositions and characteristics of waters. Laboratories that conduct water sampling and generate analytical data, and those persons who have the responsibility for selecting a laboratory to perform water quality studies, need to use criteria, guidelines, and recommendations that have been developed by consensus and are well accepted in making this selection. Demonstration and documentation by a laboratory that there was judicious selection and control of organization, facilities, resources, and operations will enhance the credibility of the data produced and promote its acceptance.1.1 This guide provides information on consensus good laboratory practices for laboratories that provide services in the sampling and analysis of water. As consensus standards, these are the minimum criteria that all laboratories should consider in establishing their good laboratory practices.1.2 This guide is designed to be used by those responsible for the selection, operation, or control of laboratory organizations engaged in sampling and analysis of water.1.3 This guide presents features of organization, facilities, resources, and operations which affect the usefulness of the data generated. 1.4 This guide presents criteria for selection and control of the features described in and also makes recommendations for the correction of unacceptable performance.1.5 This guide describes methodology and practices intended to be completely consistent with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9000 series of standards and Guide 25 - 1990 (). 1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Management Systems in Laboratories Engaged in Analysis of Water

ASTM D6538-10 自动取样器对废水取样的标准指南

This guide provides persons responsible for designing and implementing wastewater sampling programs with a summary of the types of automatic wastewater samplers, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of samplers and addresses recommended procedures for their use. The field settings are primarily, but not limited to, open channel flows in enclosed (e.g., sewer) systems or open (e.g., streams or open ditches, and sampling pressure lines) systems.1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of automatic wastewater samplers including procedures for their use in obtaining representative samples. Automatic wastewater samplers are intended for the unattended collection of samples that are representative of the parameters of interest in the wastewater body. While this guide primarily addresses the sampling of wastewater, the same automatic samplers may be used to sample process streams and natural water bodies. 1.2 The guide does not address general guidelines for planning waste sampling activities (see Guide D4687), development of data quality objectives (see Practice D5792), the design of monitoring systems and determination of the number of samples to collect (see Practice D6311), operational details of any specific type of sampler, in-situ measurement of parameters of interest, data assessment and statistical interpretation of resultant data (see Guide D6233), or sampling and field quality assurance (see Guide D5612). It also does not address sampling groundwater. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3.1 Exception8212;The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.

Standard Guide for Sampling Wastewater With Automatic Samplers

ASTM D6301-08 在生产用水中悬浮固体和离子固体线上复合样品采集的标准实施规程

The transport of any suspended solids or corrosion products from the preboiler cycle has been shown to be detrimental to all types of steam generating equipment. Corrosion product transport as low as 10 ppb can have significant impact on steam generators performance. Deposited corrosion products on PWR steam generator tubes can reduce heat transfer, and, if the deposit is sufficiently thick, can provide a local area for impurities in the bulk water to concentrate, resulting in a corrosive environment. In BWR plants, the transport of corrosion products can cause fuel failure, out of core radiation problems from activation reactions, and other material related problems. In fossil plants, the transport of corrosion products can reduce heat transfer in the boilers leading to tube failures from overheating. The removal of these corrosion products by chemical cleaning is expensive and potentially harmful to the boiler tubes. Normally, grab samples are not sensitive enough to detect changes in the level of corrosion product transport. Also, system transients may be missed by only taking grab samples. An integrated sample over time will increase the sensitivity for detecting the corrosion products and provide a better understanding of the total corrosion product transport to steam generators.1.1 This practice is applicable for sampling condensed steam or water, such as boiler feedwater, for the collection of suspended solids and (optional) ionic solids using a 0.45-μm membrane filter (suspended solids) and ion exchange media (ionic solids). As the major suspended component found in most boiler feedwaters is some form of corrosion product from the preboiler system, the device used for this practice is commonly called a corrosion product sampler. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Collection of On-Line Composite Samples of Suspended Solids and Ionic Solids in Process Water

ASTM D7366-08(2013) 基于回归方法从预测不确定度获得数据的标准指南

5.1 Appropriate application of this practice should result in an estimate of the test-method’s uncertainty (at any concentration within the working range), which can be compared with data-quality objectives to see if the uncertainty is acceptable. 5.2 With data sets that compare recovered concentration with true concentration, the resulting regression plot allows the correction of the recovery data to true values. Reporting of such corrections is at the discretion of the user. 5.3 This practice should be used to estimate the measurement uncertainty for any application of a test method where measurement uncertainty is important to data use. 1.1 This practice establishes a standard for computing the measurement uncertainty for applicable test methods in Committee D19 on Water. The practice does not provide a single-point estimate for the entire working range, but rather relates the uncertainty to concentration. The statistical technique of regression is employed during data analysis. 1.2 Applicable test methods are those whose results come from regression-based methods and whose data are intra-laboratory (not inter-laboratory data, such as result from round-robin studies). For each analysis conducted using such a method, it is assumed that a fixed, reproducible amount of sample is introduced. 1.3 Calculation of the measurement uncertainty involves the analysis of data collected to help characterize the analytical method over an appropriate concentration range. Example sources of data include: 1) calibration studies (which may or may not be conducted in pure solvent), 2) recovery studies (which typically are conducted in matrix and include all sample-preparation steps), and 3) collections of data obtained as part of the method’s ongoing Quality Control program. Use of multiple instruments, multiple operators, or both, and field-sampling protocols may or may not be reflected in the data. 1.4 In any designed study whose data are to be used to calculate method uncertainty, the user should think carefully about what the study is trying to accomplish and much variation should be incorporated into the study. General guidance on designing studies (for example, calibration, recovery) is given in Appendix A. Detailed guidelines on sources of variation are outside the scope of this practice, but general points to consider are included in Appendix B, which is not intended to be exhaustive. With any study, the user must think carefully about the factors involved with conducting the analysis, and must realize that the computed measurement uncertainty will reflect the quality of the input data. 1.5 Associated with the measurement uncertainty is a user-chosen level of statistical confidence. 1.6 At any concentration in the working range, the measurement uncertainty is plus-or-minus the half-width of the prediction interval associated with the regression line. 1.7 It is assumed that the user has access to a statistical software package for performing regression. A statistician should be consulted if assistance is needed in selecting such a program. 1.8 A statistic......

Standard Practice for Estimation of Measurement Uncertainty for Data from Regression-based Methods

ASTM D7315-07 静态模式下测定混浊度大于1浊度单位(TU)的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the static determination of turbidity in water. Static refers to a sample that is removed from its source and tested in an isolated instrument. (See Section 4.)1.2 This test method is applicable to the measurement of turbidities greater than 1.0 turbidity unit (TU). The upper end of the measurement range was left undefined because different technologies described in this test method can cover very different ranges. The round robin study covered the range of 0-4000 turbidity units because instrument verification in this range can typically be covered by standards that can be consistently reproduced.1.3 Many of the turbidity units and instrument designs covered in this test method are numerically equivalent in calibration when a common calibration standard is applied across those designs listed in Table 1. Measurement of a common calibration standard of a defined value will also produce equivalent results across these technologies.1.3.1 In this test method calibration standards are often defined in NTU values, but the other assigned turbidity units, such as those in Table 1 are equivalent. For example, a 1 NTU formazin standard is also a 1 FNU, a 1 FAU, a 1 BU, and so forth.1.4 This test method does not purport to cover all available technologies for high-level turbidity measurement.1.5 This test method was tested on different natural waters and wastewater, and with standards that will serve as surrogates to samples. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.1.6 Depending on the constituents within a high-level sample, the proposed sample preparation and measurement methods may or may not be applicable. Those samples with the highest particle densities typically prove to be the most difficult to measure. In these cases, and alternative measurement method such as the process monitoring method can be considered.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Refer to the MSDSs for all chemicals used in this procedure.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Turbidity Above 1 Turbidity Unit (TU) in Static Mode

ASTM D7315-07a 静态模式下测定混浊度大于1浊度单位(TU)的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the static determination of turbidity in water. Static refers to a sample that is removed from its source and tested in an isolated instrument. (See Section .)1.2 This test method is applicable to the measurement of turbidities greater than 1.0 turbidity unit (TU). The upper end of the measurement range was left undefined because different technologies described in this test method can cover very different ranges. The round robin study covered the range of 0-4000 turbidity units because instrument verification in this range can typically be covered by standards that can be consistently reproduced.1.3 Many of the turbidity units and instrument designs covered in this test method are numerically equivalent in calibration when a common calibration standard is applied across those designs listed in . Measurement of a common calibration standard of a defined value will also produce equivalent results across these technologies.1.3.1 In this test method calibration standards are often defined in NTU values, but the other assigned turbidity units, such as those in are equivalent. For example, a 1 NTU formazin standard is also a 1 FNU, a 1 FAU, a 1 BU, and so forth.1.4 This test method does not purport to cover all available technologies for high-level turbidity measurement.1.5 This test method was tested on different natural waters and wastewater, and with standards that will serve as surrogates to samples. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.1.6 Depending on the constituents within a high-level sample, the proposed sample preparation and measurement methods may or may not be applicable. Those samples with the highest particle densities typically prove to be the most difficult to measure. In these cases, and alternative measurement method such as the process monitoring method can be considered.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Refer to the MSDSs for all chemicals used in this procedure.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Turbidity Above 1 Turbidity Unit (TU) in Static Mode

ASTM D7069-04 地下水取样中现场质量保证的标准指南

Field QA demonstrates the effectiveness of field quality control procedures. Effective QA facilitates the collection of statistically significant data that is defendable scientifically and in a court of law. QA also involves the use of consistent procedures, increasing the validity of data comparison among sampling locations and events. This guide should be used by a professional or technician who has training or experience in ground-water sampling.1.1 This guide covers the quality assurance (QA) methods that may be used to assure the validity of data obtained during the sampling of a ground-water monitoring well. QA is any action taken to ensure that performance requirements are met by following standards and procedures. Following QA practices becomes even more critical if the data must be validated in a court of law. Under certain conditions, it may be necessary to follow additional or different QA practices from those listed in this guide. QA practices should be based upon data quality objectives, site-specific conditions, and regulatory requirements. 1.2 This standard addresses QA procedures used in the field and does not refer to laboratory QA procedures 1.3 This standard also does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This standard provides guidance for selecting and performing various field QA procedures. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all of the procedures are applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a projects many unique aspects. The word "standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

Standard Guide for Field Quality Assurance in a Ground-water Sampling Event

ASTM E1850-04(2012) 水生和沉积物毒性试验中作为试验有机体的残留样品选择的标准指南

5. Significance and UseTop Bottom 5.1 The USEPA's policy for whole-effluent monitoring stresses, an integrated approach to toxicity testing (1, 5) tests and other measures of toxicity, should be systematically employed and should be related to certain aquatic-system factors, such as the type of habitats available (benthic and water column), flow regime, and physicochemical quality of the site water and sediment. The determination of toxicity is generally accomplished with a few surrogate species for four major reasons: a regulatory agency can compare test results between sites and over time in order to help prioritize enforcement efforts, tests using these species are relatively inexpensive since the organisms can be cultured year-round under laboratory conditions, the reliability of test methods utilizing surrogate species is better established than for other species, and surrogate species are better integrated into toxicity identification evaluations than other species. For regulatory purposes, under the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), USEPA considers it unnecessary to conduct whole effluent toxicity tests with resident or indigenous species (6). An alternate testing procedure protocol is provided by USEPA for validating toxicity methods using species not already approved (6,7). In systems where surrogate species are not found, erroneous predictions might be obtained of environmental impact or water and sediment quality impairment based on toxicity tests using surrogate species (8). 5.2 This guide is intended to assist researchers and managers in selecting appropriate resident species for site-specific toxicity assessments. This guide could be used to select a resident species for use in predicting the potential toxic effects of a substance in certain types of aquatic environments. Another use might be for selecting a number of indigenous species from the aquatic community, that when tested, might indicate potential toxic effects of the test substance or material on the ecological integrity of that community. Selection of a suitable test species is very important because species might respond quite differently to toxic compounds (9). Species suggested as test organisms by regulatory agencies might not occur in the receiving waters of interest and their sensitivity to a toxic substance might not be representative of the sensitivity exhibited by resident species. Since aquatic ecosystem structure and function is often determined by a few key species (10, 11, 12, 13), toxicological......

Standard Guide for Selection of Resident Species as Test Organisms for Aquatic and Sediment Toxicity Tests

ASTM D6301-03 水中可滤和不可滤物质样品采集的标准实施规范

The transport of any filterable matter or corrosion products from the preboiler cycle has been shown to be detrimental to all types of steam generating equipment. Corrosion product transport as low as 10 ppb can have significant impact on steam generators performance. Deposited corrosion products on PWR steam generator tubes can reduce heat transfer, and, if the deposit is sufficiently thick, can provide a local area for impurities in the bulk water to concentrate, resulting in a corrosive environment. In BWR plants, the transport of corrosion products can cause fuel failure, out of core radiation problems from activation reactions, and other material related problems. In fossil plants, the transport of corrosion products can reduce heat transfer in the boilers leading to tube failures from overheating. The removal of these corrosion products by chemical cleaning is expensive and potentially harmful to the boiler tubes. Normally, grab samples are not sensitive enough to detect changes in the level of corrosion product transport. Also, system transients may be missed by only taking grab samples. An integrated sample over time will increase the sensitivity for detecting the corrosion products and provide a better understanding of the total corrosion product transport to steam generators.1.1 This practice is applicable for sampling condensed steam or water, such as boiler feedwater, for the collection of filterable and (optional) nonfilterable matter using 0.45-m membrane filter (filterable matter) and ion exchange media (nonfilterable matter). As the major filterable containment found in most boiler feedwaters is some form of corrosion product from the preboiler system, the device used for this practice is commonly called a corrosion product sampler.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for the Collection of Samples of Filterable and Nonfilterable Matter in Water

ASTM D5847-02 书写水分析标准试验方法的质量控制规范的标准实施规范

1.1 This practice provides specific, mandatory requirements for incorporating quality control (QC) procedures into all test methods under the jurisdiction of Committee D-19.1.2 ASTM has adopted the following:Policy on implementation of requirements for a quality control section in standard test methods generated by Committee D-19 on Water.GENERAL8212;By July 29, 1998, or at the next reapproval or revision, whichever is later, every D-19 Standard Test Method shall contain a QC section that is in full compliance with the requirements of this practice.NEW COLLABORATIVE TESTING8212;As of July 29, 1998, each collaborative study design shall include a QC section as part of the method to be tested. Prior to approval of the study design, the Results Advisor shall ascertain the appropriateness of the QC section in meeting the requirements of this Practice and Practice D-2777, and shall advise the designer of the study of any changes needed to fulfill the requirements of these practices. Before a collaborative study may be conducted, approval of the study design by the Results Advisor must be obtained.OLDER VALIDATED METHODS8212;Standard test methods that were validated using D-2777-77, D-2777-86, or D-2777-94, when ballotted for reapproval or revision, shall contain a QC section based upon the best information from the historical record. Where appropriate, information derived from the record of the collaborative study shall be utilized for this purpose. The introduction of the QC section into these standard test methods shall not be construed as a requirement for a new collaborative study, though the Subcommittee may opt for such a study. Any information available regarding QC or precision/bias testing shall be included in the appropriate sections of the published method.1.3 Required QC sections in all applicable test methods are intended to achieve two goals. First, users of Committee D-19 test methods will be able to demonstrate a minimum competency in the performance of these test methods by comparison with collaborative study data. Second, all users of test methods will be required to perform a minimum level of QC as part of proper implementation of these test methods to ensure ongoing competency.1.4 This practice contains the primary requirements for QC of a specific test method. In many cases, it may be desirable to implement additional QC requirements to assure the desired quality of data.1.5 The specific requirements in this practice may not be applicable to all test methods. These requirements may vary depending on the type of test method used as well as the analyte being determined and the sample matrix being analyzed. See Explanation 1 in .1.5.1 If there are compelling reasons why any of the specific QC requirements listed in this practice are not applicable to a specific test method, these reasons must be documented in the QC section of the test method.1.5.2 With the approval of Committee D-19 on the recommendation of the D-19 Results Advisor and the Technical Operations section of the Executive Subcommittee, a statement giving the compelling reasons why compliance with all or specific points of this practice cannot be achieved will meet the requirements of both ASTM and this practice.1.5.3 Test Methods developed prior to the approval of this practice with a QC Section that meet the requirements of Specification D 5789 are considered in compliance with this Practice.1.6 This practice is for use with quantitative methods and may not be applicable to qualitative test methods.1.7 Presently, this practice is applicable primarily to chemical test methods. It is intended that, in future revisions, the practice will be expanded to include other methods such as microbiological methods.

Standard Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis

ASTM D6800-02 用微量金属的ICPMS分析法使用快速还原浓缩技术对水样品制备的标准实施规程

1.1 Toxic elements may be present in ambient waters and may enter the food chain via uptake by plants and animals; the actual concentrations of toxic metals are usually sub-ng/mL. The U.S. EPA has published its Water Quality Standards in the U.S. Federal Register 40 CFR 131.36, Minimum requirements for water quality standards submission, Ch. I (7-1-00 Edition), see Annex, Table A1.1. The U.S. EPA has also developed Method 1640 to meet these requirements, see Annex, Table A1.2.1.2 Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) is a technique with sufficient sensitivity to routinely measure toxic elements in ambient waters, both fresh and saline (Test Method D 5673). However saline and hard water matrices pose analytical challenges for direct multielement analysis by ICP-MS at the required sub-ng/mL levels.1.3 This standard practice describes a method used to prepare water samples for subsequent multielement analysis using ICP-MS. The practice is applicable to seawater and fresh water matrices, which may be filtered or digested. Samples prepared by this method have been analyzed by ICP-MS for the elements listed in Annex, Table A1.3).1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Preparation of Water Samples Using Reductive Precipitation Preconcentration Technique for ICP-MS Analysis of Trace Metals

ASTM D5847-02(2007) 书写水分析标准试验方法的质量控制规范的标准实施规范

In order to be certain that the end user of analytical results obtained from using an ASTM Committee D-19 test method can be confident that the values have been obtained through a competent application of the test method, a demonstration of the proficiency of the analytical system must be performed. Appropriate proficiency is demonstrated by achievement of performance criteria derived from results of the test method collaborative study. The QC measures specified in this practice must be included in each ASTM test method, as applicable, to ensure the quality of measurements. In order for users of D-19 test methods to achieve consistently valid results, a minimum level of QC must be performed. This minimum level of QC is stipulated in this practice and by the taskgroups developing D-19 test methods. If the specific requirements outlined in this practice are not applicable to the test method, alternative QC must be defined in the test method.1.1 This practice provides specific, mandatory requirements for incorporating quality control (QC) procedures into all test methods under the jurisdiction of Committee D-19.1.2 ASTM has adopted the following:Policy on implementation of requirements for a quality control section in standard test methods generated by Committee D-19 on Water.GENERAL8212;By July 29, 1998, or at the next reapproval or revision, whichever is later, every D-19 Standard Test Method shall contain a QC section that is in full compliance with the requirements of this practice.NEW COLLABORATIVE TESTING8212;As of July 29, 1998, each collaborative study design shall include a QC section as part of the method to be tested. Prior to approval of the study design, the Results Advisor shall ascertain the appropriateness of the QC section in meeting the requirements of this Practice and Practice D-2777, and shall advise the designer of the study of any changes needed to fulfill the requirements of these practices. Before a collaborative study may be conducted, approval of the study design by the Results Advisor must be obtained.OLDER VALIDATED METHODS8212;Standard test methods that were validated using D-2777-77, D-2777-86, or D-2777-94, when ballotted for reapproval or revision, shall contain a QC section based upon the best information from the historical record. Where appropriate, information derived from the record of the collaborative study shall be utilized for this purpose. The introduction of the QC section into these standard test methods shall not be construed as a requirement for a new collaborative study, though the Subcommittee may opt for such a study. Any information available regarding QC or precision/bias testing shall be included in the appropriate sections of the published method.1.3 Required QC sections in all applicable test methods are intended to achieve two goals. First, users of Committee D-19 test methods will be able to demonstrate a minimum competency in the performance of these test methods by comparison with collaborative study data. Second, all users of test methods will be required to perform a minimum level of QC as part of proper implementation of these test methods to ensure ongoing competency.1.4 This practice contains the primary requirements for QC of a specific test method. In many cases, it may be desirable to implement additional QC requirements to assure the desired quality of data.1.5 The specific requirements in this practice may not be applicable to all test methods. These requirements may vary depending on the type of test method used as well as the analyte being determined and the sample matrix being analyzed. See Explanation 1 in Appendix X1.1.5.1 If there are compelling reasons why any of the specific QC requirements listed in this practice ......

Standard Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis

ASTM D5847-02(2012) 撰写水分析标准试验方法质量控制规范的标准操作规范

In order to be certain that the end user of analytical results obtained from using an ASTM Committee D-19 test method can be confident that the values have been obtained through a competent application of the test method, a demonstration of the proficiency of the analytical system must be performed. Appropriate proficiency is demonstrated by achievement of performance criteria derived from results of the test method collaborative study. The QC measures specified in this practice must be included in each ASTM test method, as applicable, to ensure the quality of measurements. In order for users of D-19 test methods to achieve consistently valid results, a minimum level of QC must be performed. This minimum level of QC is stipulated in this practice and by the taskgroups developing D-19 test methods. If the specific requirements outlined in this practice are not applicable to the test method, alternative QC must be defined in the test method.1.1 This practice provides specific, mandatory requirements for incorporating quality control (QC) procedures into all test methods under the jurisdiction of Committee D-19. 1.2 ASTM has adopted the following: Policy on implementation of requirements for a quality control section in standard test methods generated by Committee D-19 on Water. GENERALBy July 29, 1998, or at the next reapproval or revision, whichever is later, every D-19 Standard Test Method shall contain a QC section that is in full compliance with the requirements of this practice. NEW COLLABORATIVE TESTINGAs of July 29, 1998, each collaborative study design shall include a QC section as part of the method to be tested. Prior to approval of the study design, the Results Advisor shall ascertain the appropriateness of the QC section in meeting the requirements of this Practice and Practice D2777, and shall advise the designer of the study of any changes needed to fulfill the requirements of these practices. Before a collaborative study may be conducted, approval of the study design by the Results Advisor must be obtained. OLDER VALIDATED METHODSStandard test methods that were validated using D-2777-77, D-2777-86, or D-2777-94, when ballotted for reapproval or revision, shall contain a QC section based upon the best information from the historical record. Where appropriate, information derived from the record of the collaborative study shall be utilized for this purpose. The introduction of the QC section into these standard test methods shall not be construed as a requirement for a new collaborative study, though the Subcommittee may opt for such a study. Any information available regarding QC or precision/bias testing shall be included in the appropriate sections of the published method. 1.3 Required QC sections in all applicable test methods are intended to achieve two goals. First, users of Committee D-19 test methods will be able to demonstrate a minimum competency in the performance of these test methods by comparison with collaborative study data. Second, all users of test methods will be required to perform a minimum level of QC as part of proper implementation of these test methods to ensure ongoing competency.

Standard Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis

ASTM D6800-02(2007)e1 用微量金属的ICPMS分析法使用快速还原浓缩技术对水样品制备的标准实施规程

Ambient marine waters generally contain very low concentrations of toxic metals that require sensitive analytical methods, such as ICP-MS, to detect and measure the metalrsquo;concentrations. Due to the high dissolved salt concentrations present in seawater, sample pretreatment is required to remove signal suppression and significant polyatomic interferences due to the matrix both of which compromise detection limits.1.1 Toxic elements may be present in ambient waters and may enter the food chain via uptake by plants and animals; the actual concentrations of toxic metals are usually sub-ng/mL. The U.S. EPA has published its Water Quality Standards in the U.S. Federal Register 40 CFR 131.36, Minimum requirements for water quality standards submission, Ch. I (7-1-00 Edition), see Annex, . The U.S. EPA has also developed Method 1640 to meet these requirements, see Annex, .1.2 Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) is a technique with sufficient sensitivity to routinely measure toxic elements in ambient waters, both fresh and saline (Test Method D 5673). However saline and hard water matrices pose analytical challenges for direct multielement analysis by ICP-MS at the required sub-ng/mL levels.1.3 This standard practice describes a method used to prepare water samples for subsequent multielement analysis using ICP-MS. The practice is applicable to seawater and fresh water matrices, which may be filtered or digested. Samples prepared by this method have been analyzed by ICP-MS for the elements listed in Annex, Table A1.3).This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Preparation of Water Samples Using Reductive Precipitation Preconcentration Technique for ICP-MS Analysis of Trace Metals

ASTM D596-01(2006) 水分析结果报告的标准指南

The proper use of analytical data requires adequate documentation of all inputs, that is, the source and history of the sample, laboratory performing the analysis, method of analysis, date of analysis, precision and bias of the measurements, and related quality assurance information. In order to have defensible data, the report must be complete and accurate, providing adequate information to evaluate the quality of the data and contain supporting information that documents sampling and analysis procedures. This guide contains some of the common data qualifiers or “flags” commonly used by laboratories following the Good Laboratory Practices, the Government Contract program, or found in the commercial laboratories. Examples of these qualifiers are the use of (E) for estimated value, (U) for analyzed for but not detected, and (B) for analyte was found in the blank (see 8.11). The qualifiers included in this guide should help the laboratory and its customers to better understand each other by using standardized qualifiers. Practice D 933 is a comprehensive practice for reporting water-formed constituents such as metal oxides, acid anhydrides, and others.1.1 This guide provides guidelines for reporting inorganic and organic results of analyses of drinking water, waste water, process water, ground water, and surface water, and so forth, to laboratory clients in a complete and systematic fashion.1.2 The reporting of bacterial and radiological data are not addressed in this guide.1.3 The commonly used data qualifiers for reviewing and reporting information are listed and defined. Client and laboratory specific requirements may make use of other qualifiers. This guide does not preclude the use of other data qualifiers.1.4 This guide discusses procedures for and specific problems in the reporting of low level data, potential errors (Type I and Type II), and reporting data that are below the calculated method detection limit and above the analyte.

Standard Guide for Reporting Results of Analysis of Water

ASTM D596-01 水分析结果报告的标准指南

1.1 This guide provides guidelines for reporting inorganic and organic results of analyses of drinking water, waste water, process water, ground water, and surface water, and so forth, to laboratory clients in a complete and systematic fashion.1.2 The reporting of bacterial and radiological data are not addressed in this guide.1.3 The commonly used data qualifiers for reviewing and reporting information are listed and defined. Client and laboratory specific requirements may make use of other qualifiers. This guide does not preclude the use of other data qualifiers.1.4 This guide discusses procedures for and specific problems in the reporting of low level data, potential errors (Type I and Type II), and reporting data that are below the calculated method detection limit and above the analyte.

Standard Guide for Reporting Results of Analysis of Water

ASTM D6538-00(2005)e1 使用自动取样器的废水取样标准指南

1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of automatic wastewater samplers including procedures for their use in obtaining representative samples. Automatic wastewater samplers are intended for the unattended collection of samples that are representative of the parameters of interest in the wastewater body. While this guide primarily addresses the sampling of wastewater, the same automatic samplers may be used to sample process streams and natural water bodies.1.2 The guide does not address general guidelines for planning waste sampling activities (see Guide D 4687), development of data quality objectives (see Practice D 5792), the design of monitoring systems and determination of the number of samples to collect (see Practice D 6311), operational details of any specific type of sampler, in-situ measurement of parameters of interest, data assessment and statistical interpretation of resultant data (see Guide D 6233), or sampling and field quality assurance (see Guide D 5612). It also does not address sampling groundwater.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Sampling Wastewater With Automatic Samplers

ASTM D6568-00 水样品可追踪化学分析的计划、实施和报告的标准指南

1.1 This guide sets a protocol for generating and reporting chemical analyses that are traceable to SI Units or to Certified Reference Materials in laboratories that serve the water and environmental industry.1.2 This guide does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Planning, Carrying Out, and Reporting Traceable Chemical Analyses of Water Samples